In this post, you will learn the basic working principle of cooling towers.
The cooling tower is a device for cooling large quantities of water,
which circulating in a water recycling system.
Circulating water system is a system in which water is used
as the refrigerant for cooling in the heat exchange equipment.
The use of cooling towers saves natural water from 25 to 50 times compared with once-through cooling and prevents thermal pollution of water bodies.
After cooling, the main volume of recycled water fed back into the process cycle.
Usually, no more than 5% of water is lost to evaporation, drip loss, leakage, and discharge into a blowdown system.
Losses are replenished by freshwater make-up.
So, how is the cooling tower working?
Water in cooling towers is cooling by evaporation of water in the stream of atmospheric air and a heat transfer by contact with air.
Hot water from the various sources such as machines or heating processes flows through pipes to the distribution system of the cooling tower which produces even water distribution to all the area of fills by the spray nozzles.
On the fills, the water film is formed from the surface of which evaporation of the water in encounter airflow.
Then, the larger the surface area of the fills the more intensive is the evaporation of water and the more efficient is a cooling tower.
Evaporation is accompanied by an expenditure of energy required to convert liquid to vapour.
The humidity of the air is increased when water evaporates.
With the help of the fan is fed a steady airflow with low humidity.
The air passes through the fills, saturated with water vapour.
The water cooling efficiency of the fan cooling towers may be controlled by varying the supply air fans (changing of fan speed).
A theoretically ideal (loss-on work to convert the water to steam)the limit of the cooling water in the cooling tower is the temperature of the outside air wet-bulb temperature.
In practice, the limit of cooling is the temperature of the humid thermometer of +3°C.
Operating a cooling tower emits air saturated with water vapour and containing water droplets with the size of 100-500 micron.
To prevent entrainment of water droplets above the water distribution system is installed a drift eliminator.
Cooling water moves down and flows into a catchment tank and then the pump is supplied to the technology.
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A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
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